ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the level of COVID-19 risk perception (PCR-CV19) by returning to in-person classes and to analyze this perception with sociodemographic and health variables associated with such disease. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study. The questionnaire was adapted to assess the PCR-CV19 among 532 university students. Moreover, an association analysis of the four dimensions of the PCR-CV19 (cognitive vulnerability, emotional vulnerability, risky-protective behaviors and severity) and the perception index was performed with sociodemographic and health variables. The following statistical methods were used: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances and Tukey’s honest significant difference or Games-Howell post hoc tests. These analyses were performed using the Jamovi statistical software, version 1.2.2. Results: A moderate level of PCR-CV19 was found, where the most relevant dimensions were risky-protective behaviors and severity. In addition, there was an association between the dimensions PCR-CV19 and perception index with the variables age, gender, alcohol consumption, physical and mental health indicators (anxiety and depression), and experiences with COVID-19. Cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of the PCR-CV19. Conclusions: We continue to face constant risk conditions, thus making it necessary to maintain a surveillance scheme of the PCR-CV19 experienced by the population. In university students, cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of PCR-CV19 and experiences with COVID-19 (illness or death). The fact that university students do not feel vulnerable and/or do not perceive the severity associated with COVID-19 transmission may affect their self-care behaviors. These results have key implications for public health; therefore, an intersectoral approach is required to have relevant information in order to face future pandemics.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 frente al retorno a las clases presenciales y analizar esta percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud asociadas a esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se adaptó el cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 (PCR-CV19) en 532 universitarios. Además, se realizó un análisis de asociación de las cuatro dimensiones del PCR-CV19 (vulnerabilidad cognitiva, vulnerabilidad emocional, conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad) y el índice de percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas: análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía (OneWay ANOVA), previa verificación de la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba de Levene para la homogeneidad y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey o Ganes-Howell. Estos análisis se realizaron en el programa estadístico JAMOVI, versión 1.2.2. Resultados: Se evidenció un nivel moderado de percepción de riesgo de contagio, en donde las dimensiones de las conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad se identificaron como las más relevantes; asimismo, se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones del PCR-CV19 y el índice de percepción con las variables edad, género, consumo de alcohol e indicadores de salud física y mental (ansiedad y depresión) y las experiencias vividas con la enfermedad de la COVID-19. Los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción. Conclusiones: Seguimos enfrentando condiciones de riesgo que surgen de manera constante, lo que hace necesario mantener un esquema de vigilancia de la percepción de riesgo que experimenta la población. En los universitarios, los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción del riesgo y las experiencias vividas con la COVID-19 (enfermedad o muerte). El hecho de que los universitarios no se sientan vulnerables y/o no perciban la gravedad asociada al contagio puede afectar sus conductas de autocuidado. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones claves para la salud pública, por lo que se requiere un abordaje intersectorial, con el objetivo de contar con información relevante para enfrentar futuras pandemias.

Resumen Los avances tecnológicos y el contexto de pandemia han posicionado a la mediación virtual como una potente alternativa para el tránsito y proyección de las instituciones de educación superior y su adaptabilidad a las nuevas demandas, contextos y cambios. La implementación de la mediación virtual a distancia como consecuencia de la pandemia por Covid-19 ha impactado en el sentido de pertenencia y el compromiso estudiantil en la educación superior con modalidad presencial; sin embargo, surge la pregunta de cómo se consolida el comportamiento de estas variables en instituciones de educación superior en las cuales la mediación virtual a distancia siempre ha sido su sello metodológico. Con el objetivo de establecer el perfil del estudiantado de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) en estos contextos y el análisis e interacción de las variables de compromiso estudiantil y sentido de pertenencia, en este orden de ideas y de manera aleatoria, se toma una muestra de 312 estudiantes de la universidad anteriormente mencionada. Este estudio se desarrolla desde un paradigma positivista, con un nivel de profundización descriptivo-inferencial, con registro prospectivo, transversal y no experimental. Se hizo uso de 2 instrumentos para la recolección de información, el primero centrado en la medición del grado y la orientación del compromiso estudiantil y el segundo identifica factores determinantes en el sentido de pertenencia. Finalmente, se concluye que existe una diferencia tangible entre el perfil del estudiante de educación a distancia al ponerlo en comparación con el estudiante de educación presencial; por otra parte, se recomienda ahondar en investigaciones centradas en los procesos de sentido de pertenencia y de compromiso estudiantil, más aún en la Educación Superior a distancia, la cual no ha sido lo suficientemente explorada.

Abstract Both technological advances and the context of the pandemic have positioned virtual mediation as a strong alternative for the transit and projection of higher education institutions and their adaptability to new demands, contexts, and changes. The implementation of remote virtual mediation as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the sense of belonging and student commitment in higher education with face-to-face modality. However, the question arises as to how the behavior of these variables is consolidated in higher education institutions in which remote virtual mediation has always been their methodological hallmark. Seeking to establish the profile of the students of the National Open and Distance University (UNAD) in these contexts and to analyze the interaction of the variables of student commitment and sense of belonging, in this order of ideas and in a random manner, the investigators took a sample of 312 students from the aforementioned university. In this way, the study was developed from a positivist paradigm, with a descriptive-inferential level of depth, with a prospective, cross-sectional and non-experimental record. In addition, the authors used 2 instruments for data collection. The first one was focused on the measurement of the degree and the orientation of the student commitment, while the second one identified determinant factors in the sense of belonging. Finally, the investigators concluded that there is a tangible difference between the profile of the distance education student and that of face-to-face education. Likewise, it is recommended to delve into research focused on the processes of a sense of belonging and student commitment, even more so in distance Higher Education, which has not been sufficiently explored.

Resumen La estimación de la fiabilidad de pruebas evaluativas lineales y estandarizadas, de cualquier tipo, en ciencias sociales es relativamente simple con el uso del coeficiente de alpha de Cronbach. El problema ocurre con el uso de pruebas adaptativas que se ajustan a las respuestas que van entregando los sujetos. Ello se complejiza aún más cuando se utilizan pruebas adaptivas informatizadas, lo que tensiona el uso del alpha de Cronbach, puesto que requiere de estabilidad en su medición. Así, el presente trabajo expone el denominado método Game-Adaptative que permite determinar la fiabilidad de una prueba adaptativa considerando su naturaleza variable. Dicho método se somete a prueba con dos casos, uno simulado y otro real con base a una muestra de 50 estudiantes de postgrado de una universidad chilena, quienes se sometieron al Oxford Online Placement Test. Los resultados indican que la aplicación del método Game-Adaptative recoge adecuadamente la variabilidad de las respuestas de ítems utilizados en cada caso, pudiendo determinar sin mayor inconveniente la fiabilidad de los instrumentos en cuestión. En consecuencia, esta propuesta se transforma en una ruta plausible para analizar las pruebas de carácter adaptativo, contribuyendo a superar las limitaciones de los coeficientes tradicionales, al menos en términos de fiabilidad.

Abstract Estimating the reliability of linear and standardized evaluative tests of any type in the social sciences is relatively simple with the use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The problem occurs with the use of adaptive tests that adjust to the answers that the subjects are giving. This becomes even more complex when computerized adaptive tests are used, which stresses the use of Cronbach's alpha since it requires stability in its measurement. Thus, the present work exposes the so-called Game-Adaptive method that allows determining the reliability of an adaptive test considering its variable nature. This method is tested with two cases, one simulated and the other real, based on a sample of 50 graduate students from a Chilean university who submitted the Oxford Online Placement Test. The results indicate that the application of the Game-Adaptive method adequately collects the variability of the responses of the items used in each case, allowing us to determine without major inconvenience the reliability of the instruments in question. Consequently, this proposal becomes a plausible route to analyze adaptive tests, helping to overcome the limitations of traditional coefficients, at least in terms of reliability.

Resumen Las reflexiones presentadas se enmarcan dentro de los desafíos relacionados con el acceso a los archivos, partiendo de la premisa de que el acceso no solo implica hacer los archivos disponibles y consultables a través de recursos tecnológicos, sino también comprender su origen y contexto de producción. En este sentido, el acceso se convierte en un proceso de mediación, que implica una compleja negociación entre las expectativas de los usuarios y el conocimiento especializado que la archivística puede aportar. Dado que los usuarios tienen perfiles muy diversos en cuanto a experiencia, formación y necesidades de información, la mediación archivística solo se puede llevar a cabo si se comprenden el perfil de las instituciones que custodian el patrimonio documental, la naturaleza de sus acervos y, sobre todo, la especificidad de los documentos de archivo.

Abstract The reflections presented here are framed within the challenges related to access to archives, based on the premise that access not only involves making the archives available and searchable through technological resources, but also understanding their origin and production context. In this sense, access becomes a process of mediation, which implies a complex negotiation between the expectations of users and the specialized knowledge that archival science can provide. Given that users have very diverse profiles in terms of experience, education, and information needs, archival mediation can only be carried out if the profile of the institutions that safeguard the documentary heritage, the nature of their holdings, and above all, the specificity of archival documents are understood.

ABSTRACT: We verified the spatial and temporal distribution of the olive leaf moth (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) in a new potential region for olive cultivation and evaluated the bioinsecticides effectiveness to control this pest. The experimental orchard composed by Koroneiki and Arbequina cultivars was planted in Pato Branco, Southwest region of Paraná, Brazil. In the field, larvae counts were performed weekly on 25 plants of each cultivar, for 12 months, to verify the spatial and temporal distribution. Furthermore, in laboratory conditions, second instar larvae of P. forficifera were fed with olive leaves treated with Azadirachta indica oil, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and the effectiveness in the larvae mortality was used to compare four bioinsecticides and control. The P. forficifera larvae occurred mainly during the three summer months, had a host preference for the ‘Arbequina’ (68.9% of total larvae) and occurred at random distribution patterns throughout the orchard. The A. indica oil and B. thuringiensis both caused almost 100% larvae mortality under laboratory conditions.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal da lagarta-da-oliveira (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) em uma nova região com potencial de cultivo de oliveira e avaliar a eficiência de controle desta praga com bioinseticidas. O pomar experimental com as cultivares Koroneiki e Arbequina foi implantado em Pato Branco, região Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. No pomar foram realizadas contagens semanais de lagartas em 25 plantas de cada cultivar, durante 12 meses, para verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal. Além disso, em condições de laboratório, larvas de segundo instar foram submetidas à alimentação com folhas de oliveira tratadas com óleo de neem (Azadirachta indica), Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana, e a efetividade de mortalidade das larvas foi utilizada para comparação entre os quatro bioinseticidas e a testemunha. As lagartas de P. forficifera ocorreram concentradas durante os três meses de verão, tiveram preferência hospedeira pela cultivar Arbequina (68,9% do total de larvas registradas), e ocorreram em padrão de distribuição aleatório ao longo do pomar. A aplicação de óleo de neem (A. indica) ou de B. thuringiensis causaram quase 100% de mortalidade das larvas em condições de laboratório.

The use of biogenic residues to obtain calcium phosphate compounds, mainly hydroxyapatite (HAp), is an excellent alternative to reduce costs in obtaining biomaterials. The purpose of this study was to obtain hydroxyapatite from fish bones and hen eggshells by alkaline hydrolysis and precipitation, respectively, and compare them to HAp obtained from calcium commercial source based on physical-chemical properties and in vitro assays. The biomaterials obtained were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD results revealed the presence of the main characteristic peaks of single HAp phase and FTIR analysis showed various functional groups, such as PO43-, CO3-2 and OH-, confirming the presence of HAp. SEM observations of the synthesized HAp showed a rod-like and spherical-like morphology. The cell viability and bioactivity of the materials were evaluated by rezasurin reduction and McCoy medium assays, respectively. The biomaterials obtained had no toxic effect and the sample obtained from fish bone was more bioactive when compared to the others. Therefore, the biowastes can be used as an alternative source of calcium in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite with promising properties for application in the biomedical area.

Abstract The aims of this work were to characterize the damage caused by Paraulaca dives in feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and develop a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the severity of herbivory. The evaluations were carried out in a feijoa progenies orchard with eight-year-old. The beetles caused damage mainly on leaves, from October to December (spring season). The distribution of beetles in the orchard occurred randomly, not following a defined pattern of incidence. The diagrammatic scale of herbivory severity was represented by seven levels (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 15%, 32%, and 55% of the leaf area consumed). The use of this diagrammatic scale significantly increased the precision and accuracy of severity estimates by inexperienced evaluators. This can help in strategies to control this pest to expand the cultivation of feijoa in Brazil.

ABSTRACT Remote sensing has proven to be a promising tool allowing crop monitoring over large geographic areas. In addition, when combined with machine learning methods, the algorithms can be used for estimating crop yield. This study sought to estimate soybean yield through the enhanced vegetation index and normalized difference vegetation index. These vegetation indices were obtained using moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensors on AQUA and TERRA satellites and multispectral instrument (MSI) sensor on Sentinel-2 satellite. Random forest (RF) algorithm was used to predict soybean yield and the estimation models were compared with the actual plot’s yield. The RF algorithm showed good performance to estimate soybean yield with our models (R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.50 for MSI; R² = 0.63 and RMSE = 0.59 for MODIS). Vegetation indices with imaging dates corresponding to the crop’s maturation had a higher degree of importance in its predictive ability. However, when comparing the actual and predicted soybean production values, differences of 145 kg ha-1 in contrast to 4 kg ha-1 were found for the MODIS and MSI models, respectively. Therefore, the MSI sensor integrated with machine learning algorithms accurately estimated crop yields.

RESUMO O Sensoriamento Remoto orbital (SR) tem se mostrado uma ferramenta promissora, pois permite o monitoramento de culturas em grandes áreas geográficas. Além disso, quando métodos de Aprendizado de Máquina (AM) são combinados, os algoritmos podem ser usados para estimativas de produtividade de culturas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo estimar a produtividade da soja por meio dos índices de vegetação EVI (Enhanced vegetation index) e NDVI (Normalized Difference vegetation index), obtidos por meio dos sensores MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) dos satélites ACQUA e TERRA e MSI (Multispectral Instrument) do satélite orbital Sentinel-2. Neste estudo, o algoritmo Random Forest (RF) foi usado por ser amplamente difundido no estudos previsão de safras, e os modelos de estimativa de rendimento da soja foram comparados com o rendimento real da parcela. Os resultados mostraram bom desempenho do algoritmo de RF para estimar a produtividade da soja, obtendo R2 de 0,60 e RMSE de 0,50 para MSI; e R² de 0,63 e RMSE de 0,59 para MODIS na validação. Na modelagem, os índices de vegetação com datas de imagem correspondentes à maturação da cultura tiveram maior grau de importância na previsão. No entanto, ao comparar os valores reais e previstos de produção de soja, houve uma diferença de 145 kg ha-1 para o modelo gerado pelo MODIS e apenas 4 kg ha-1 para o MSI. Portanto, o sensor MSI integrado aos algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina estima com precisão o rendimento das culturas.

ABSTRACT Straw management associated with furrow opener mechanisms under a no-tillage system can enable better yields in the corn crop. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate corn productivity under a no-tillage system as a function of furrowing mechanisms and oat straw management. This research was conducted in the 2019/2020 growing season in Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil, in a factorial scheme consisting of furrow opener mechanisms (shank and double disk) and oat straw management (rolled, desiccated, and crushed), with four replications. Oat dry matter, furrow depth, furrow width, tilled soil area, emergence rate index, initial and final plant stand, initial and final plant height, initial and final stem diameter, ear insertion height, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, ear length, ear diameter, thousand-grain weight, and productivity were evaluated. The results were subjected to analysis of variance by the F-test at a significance 5% probability and the means were compared by Tukey’s test. Corn development, yield, and productivity were more influenced by the furrow opener mechanisms, standing out the use of a shank compared to the double disk.

Resumen Esta investigación aborda la formación inicial del profesorado desde la perspectiva de la estructura y el currículo. Durante la formación inicial del profesorado se debe evitar cualquier desconexión entre los contenidos teóricos y la aplicación práctica de la teoría. Por ello, este artículo propone estudiar la calidad de la formación del profesorado al determinar la capacidad predictiva del rendimiento académico con respecto al éxito en las prácticas profesionales de los profesores en formación. Para estimar este complejo problema, se utiliza un índice de validez predictiva del rendimiento académico y la aplicación del teorema de Bayes. El grupo objetivo de este estudio son las carreras de pedagogía en ciencias pertenecientes a las cohortes desde 2006 a 2013, con un tamaño de 842 estudiantes de una universidad estatal chilena. Los resultados indican que la validez predictiva del rendimiento académico no alcanza el 50 %, lo que muestra la desconexión entre el éxito en la práctica profesional y la formación previa. Estos resultados plantean la necesidad de analizar la relevancia de los contenidos teóricos en la práctica profesional docente. Además, enfatizan la necesidad de contar con procesos adecuados de aseguramiento de la calidad de la formación inicial docente para todo el sistema de educación superior.

Abstract This research approaches initial teacher training from the perspective of structure and curriculum. During initial teacher training, any disconnection between theoretical content and the practical application of theory should be avoided. Therefore, this article proposes to study the quality of teacher training by determining the predictive capacity of academic performance with respect to success in the professional practices of teachers in training. An index of predictive validity of academic performance and the application of Bayes' theorem are used to estimate this complex problem. The target group of this study is the careers on the pedagogy of science belonging to the 2006-2013 cohorts, with a size of 842 students from a Chilean state university. The results indicate that the predictive validity of academic performance does not reach 50%, which shows the disconnection between success in professional practice and previous training. These results raise the need to analyze the relevance of theoretical content in professional teaching practice. Furthermore, they emphasize the need to have adequate quality assurance processes for initial teacher training for the entire higher education system.

Resumo Existem diferentes pontos de vista para analisar a nova dinâmica da educação rural na Colômbia. Pelo menos duas dessas perspectivas estão em conflito e servem como um enquadramento para reconhecer as representações emergentes sobre a escola em contextos afetados pelo conflito armado e pelo crescimento de plantações ilícitas. A primeira perspectiva insiste em ver a educação como um sistema homogêneo. Centra seu interesse na qualidade, entendida em termos de indicadores e resultados em exames internacionais. A segunda considera as singularidades e resgata as práticas socioculturais que ocorrem na relação escola-ambiente. Nesse contexto, este artigo visa a: (a) reconhecer as representações sobre a escola de alunos de um centro educacional localizado na região do Catatumbo; (b) compreender essas representações a partir da relação contexto-escola; e (c) mostrar os ressignificados da escola rural como ator dinâmico do território. A abordagem processual das representações sociais é utilizada com o apoio da teoria fundamentada e do trabalho de campo. Os resultados mostram a escola como uma entidade viva, um oásis de paz aberto à comunidade para a tomada de decisões.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is the definitive surgical treatment for hyperhidrosis and a nationwide study has suggested that cultural and socioeconomic factors play a role in the numbers of operations performed. Thus, there is a need to evaluate local data in order to understand the local epidemiology and trends in hyperhidrosis treatment. OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of sympathectomy for treating hyperhidrosis in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Data on sympathectomies for treating hyperhidrosis between 2008 and 2018 were assessed from the database of the Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: 65.29% of the patients were female, 66.2% were aged between 20 and 39 years and 37.59% had registered with addresses outside São Paulo. 1,216 procedures were performed in the city of São Paulo from 2008 to 2018, and 78.45% of them were in only two public hospitals. The number of procedures significantly declined over the years (P = 0.001). 71.63% of the procedures were associated with 2-3 days of hospital stay, only 78 intensive care unit days were billed and we did not observe any intra-hospital death. CONCLUSION: The profile of patients operated on in São Paulo (young women) is similar to that described in other populations. Sympathectomy is a very safe procedure, with no mortality in our series. There was a decreasing trend in the number of surgeries over the years.

RESUMEN Este trabajo propone un análisis del libro Teatro campesino publicado en 1969 por Víctor Zavala Cataño, el cual posee siete obras dramáticas que presentan el problema indigenista de la tierra, la reivindicación del indio y la cosmovisión andina como rasgos esenciales de su "neoindigenismo" (Escajadillo, 1989). Asimismo, la superposición de sus situaciones, siguiendo a Fontanille (2001), esclarece tres programas narrativos acordes a la "unión" o "desunión" del campesino con la tierra. Ambos sujetos se encuentran, tomando el análisis antropológico de Descola (2012), en un modo animista; es decir, poseen similitudes en el plano interior (emociones, subjetividad, etc.) y diferencias a nivel físico (rasgos visibles). Por esta razón, los personajes y la naturaleza interactúan, reciben enseñanzas, comparten alegrías, forman una alianza para vencer al hacendado y buscan la restauración de su comunidad.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes an analysis of the book Teatro campesino published in 1969 by Zavala Cataño. The work in question contains seven dramatic works that present the indigenist problem of the land, the vindication of the Indian and the Andean cosmovision as essential features of his "neo-indigenism" (Escajadillo, 1989). Likewise, the superposition of their situations, following Fontanille (2001), clarifies three narrative programs according to the "union" or "disunion" of the peasant with the land. Both subjects are, taking Descola's (2012) anthropological analysis, in an animistic mode; that is, they possess similarities at the inner level (emotions, subjectivity, etc.) and differences at the physical level (visible features). For this reason, the characters and nature interact, receive teachings, share joys, form an alliance to defeat the hacendado and seek the restoration of their community.

ABSTRACT The importance of maintaining straw on the soil surface is a subject widely discussed and proven in the literature. However, the effects of this straw on planting efficiency and quality still lack information. In this sense, both time and method of the black oat management influence the permanence of the straw on the soil and, thus, can interfere in the next crop's germination and plantability of the seed drill. This study aimed to evaluate methods and times of black oat management and their implications on the plantability and development of the corn crop in succession in two harvests. A randomized block design with twelve treatments was used, consisting of the combination of three methods of management (crushed, rolled, and desiccated) and four times of management (0, 10, 20, and 30 days before the corn sowing) of black oat straw, arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The black oat management carried out 30 days before the corn sowing provides the highest corn emergence rate. Management methods that promote greater fragmentation of straw tend to offer less mechanical impediment to seedling development and result in a greater initial and final plant population.